Showing posts with label Species At Risk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Species At Risk. Show all posts

Tuesday, 10 December 2019

A Significant Decision to be made regarding Rondeau Provincial Park

It is no secret that Rondeau Provincial Park is one of my favourite places. It is a favourite place of a lot of people, and for many reasons.

Rondeau has been a provincial park since 1894 and in fact is the oldest park to have that designation. While Algonquin lays claim to that title, for its first few years it was legislatively identified as a national park, as per the Algonquin National Park Act of 1893.

Rondeau hosts a huge biodiversity, and has the greatest number of Species At Risk of any Ontario provincial park. The diversity of habitat, including beach dune, oak savanna, pine-oak forest, beech-maple forest, slough, cattail marsh and the bay is nothing short of amazing, and they all contribute immensely to the park's biodiversity. Some of the main habitats themselves are provincially significant, especially the oak savanna and Great Lakes beach dune. It is one of the best examples of a cuspate sand spit in the world, according to my geomorphology professor. Add the old growth forest and there truly is no other place remotely like it in all of Canada.

Here are just a few representative photos as well as some of the species at risk.
Carolinian hardwood forest
 The cuspate sand spit is formed by wave action, bringing currents together.

Oak Savanna
Oak Savanna
Rich hardwood forest

400 ha marsh




Birds are a well-known feature at Rondeau, with over 360 species recorded for the area, and more than a few species at risk (SAR) that breed here.

The Prothonotary Warbler is Rondeau's flagship bird, as it has been the stronghold for the species in Ontario since it was first discovered nesting here in the early 1930s.
 More breeding SAR include the following.
Red-headed Woodpecker
King Rail
Bald Eagle
Hooded Warbler.....maybe has nested
Wood Thrush
Lots of non-SAR species occur as well. During the first Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas, Rondeau had the highest number of species recorded with at least some breeding evidence.
Scarlet Tanager
Pileated Woodpecker
Orchard Oriole
Eastern Bluebird
American Redstart
Gray Catbird
Great Egret; not nesting but regularly seen feeding




 Numerous species migrate through, or spend a lot of time in the area in both spring and fall, but have never been found nesting.
Blackburnian Warbler
 
Golden-winged Warbler   






The ground cover is rich and luxuriant, with many ferns, indicating a high quality forest.
Cinnamon Fern
 Red Mulberry is an endangered species, and Rondeau has one of the highest quality populations in Ontario. Hybridization with the non-native White Mulberry is rampant in some of the other populations.
 Tuliptree, the unofficial flagship tree of Rondeau and indeed, the Carolinian Forest Zone.
Old growth forest is currently very difficult to find anywhere in Ontario due to the impact of harvesting in so many forests, not to mention outright clearing. Rondeau has some good examples of old growth forest.
158cm diameter Eastern Cottonwood
135 cm diameter Red Oak
Three-bird's Orchid is endangered, and is the only place in Canada where it has been confirmed in the last 25+ years. The only other location where it has been found has not been seen since the late 1980s.

Showy Orchid...has been considered as a SAR but not formally designated yet
Ragged-fringed Orchid
There are many other SAR, including several species of reptiles (e.g. Eastern Fox Snake, Ribbon Snake, Eastern Spiny Softshell Turtle, Spotted Turtle) and amphibians (e. g. Fowler's Toad).

There are countless invertebrates. For example it is quite likely that 1500-2000 species of moths occur here, as much smaller sites elsewhere and with considerably less diversity have documented over 1000 species.
Chestnut-marked Pondweed Moth
One would think that with the provincial, even national, significance that Rondeau has, the provincial government would give the park the highest level of protection. And while it does to some extent, the bigger picture shows that there is clearly an attempt to ignore this responsibility, at least in part.

Today I received an email message that explains this concern, and you can read about it at this link.

Read it, if you will, and make your thoughts known to the provincial government. The deadline for comment is December 18, so there is no time to waste!




Friday, 7 June 2019

Orchids and herps: including some Species At Risk

Here in southwestern Ontario, there is a high percentage of species that are rare and even legally at risk. With the current provincial conservative government at the helm, which just a couple of days ago made severe cuts to the Endangered Species Act, the outlook for many species looks a lot bleaker than it did just a short while ago. If you want to know the latest regarding these changes, check out this link.

On one of our continuing forays around Chatham-Kent, Marie and I went up to the trails and access points along Lake St. Clair. My goal was to see and photograph Cattle Egret which has appeared from time to time, as well as Yellow-headed Blackbirds, which have been seen much more regularly. Both species, or at least the blackbirds, are believed to be nesting in some off-shore cattail islands, and come to the mainland to feed on lawns and at feeders. Unfortunately for us, we did not see either species. But it was still a nice outing.

Great Egrets, which nest near the southern end of Walpole Island, are fairly regular here.
 On a sunny day, turtles are up basking on almost any surface they can climb on to. The Northern Map Turtle, shown on this next photo, are a legally at-risk species with the status of Special Concern.
In the next photo, a Northern Map Turtle is sharing a log with several Painted Turtles. The Northern Map Turtle is easily identified by its jagged tail end of its shell, and the yellow lines on the greenish skin, appearing like contour lines on a map. Painted Turtles are not yet officially at risk according to the Ontario status, but they are being considered.
While out doing shorebird surveys at local sewage lagoons, I came across this rather large Eastern Fox Snake, which is Endangered. Since I only had my telephoto lens, and the snake was in the grass, I only got a head shot. It was a warm sunny day, and the snake didn't stick around for further modelling, and scurried off into denser vegetation and rocks lining the edge of the pond.

There are at least 19 species of orchids recorded at Rondeau, and some begin flowering at the end of May.

The earliest species is Showy Orchis. It isn't officially at risk yet, but the Ontario populations are being monitored to some extent to see if there has been enough of a decline to warrant some At Risk status in the near future.
It isn't abundant at Rondeau, but occurs in small numbers in several locations. There is lots of what appears to be very good habitat in the park.

Large Yellow Lady's-slipper is fairly abundant at places much farther north, like the Bruce Peninsula, but at Rondeau they are very rare. I know of three locations for them, although one seems to have disappeared in the last decade, and another just had two non-flowering stems appear this year. In 1980 I discovered another and much larger population, made up of at least 50 stems. The last time I saw this population was in 1987, and in all of those years I monitored it, I never saw any more than about a dozen plants in flower. I decided it was time to check on this population to see whether it still existed after this interlude of 30+ years. It is well off any beaten path, and I wasn't certain I could find it, but find it I did. I didn't cover the whole area, but covered enough of it to discover 11 plants in flower and about that many non-flowering plants. I was quite pleased to see that in spite of the high water levels of these last couple of years, the population was doing okay.

Puttyroot is not yet officially At Risk but like other species, is being evaluated for future consideration. There are at least 5 known locations for it at Rondeau, although only one population is of any size, and at least two of the others have not flowered for several years.
Sandy sites seem to be preferred by orchids. I went north, well at least to northern Lambton County, a few days ago, on the search for two other orchids which I had seen there in the past. The extensive Ipperwash Crown Land Reserve was my destination.

Pink Lady's-slipper is not at risk, and in fact is fairly widespread in parts of central Ontario. It is rare here in the southwest, but does occur in a few places.

My primary target, however was a much smaller and difficult to find orchid: Ram's-head Lady's-slipper. It is well represented in places like the Bruce Peninsula, but is extremely rare here in the southwest. In fact this very small population in the Ipperwash area is the most southern location for it in all of Canada. There were two plants in flower, and another 5-6 non-flowering plants. I photographed the tallest one which was less than 20 cm (8") tall. The other plant was about half that size.


Another orchid which I came across was Hooker's Orchid. I only saw the leaves of several non-flowering stems on this occasion, as I was not in the right part of the Ipperwash area where they are a little more common.
A non-orchid highlight of this venture was to come across Eastern Flowering Dogwood, an Endangered species in Ontario.
While I was prowling around north Lambton I did explore other areas, but that will be featured in a future post.

Thursday, 30 May 2019

Neotropic Cormorant, Whimbrel, Franklin's Gull and other late May highlights

May birding has come to an end, but there are still some northbound migrants trickling through. In fact by the time the northbound migrants have finished passing through this area, it is likely that some of the earliest northbound species that attempted to get to the arctic breeding grounds for an early start, might have had failed nests and are already returning to southern Ontario to feed and rest up, awaiting the urge to return to their wintering ground later this year. So for a very short period, the spring and fall migrants may overlap.

This post will feature some of my favourite bird photos that I took this month that I haven't yet posted, as well as some of the more unusual species that I have caught up with quite recently.

One of the highlights was to have one or more Common Nighthawks using a quite visible branch for their daytime roost along the north part of Rondeau's Harrison Trail. It was seen for several days in a row, and while the mostly cloudy condition at the time did not give a great background for photographic documentation, on one occasion I came across this one with a pleasing blue sky.
 The bird was relatively settled in, but once in awhile do a 180 degree turn on the branch, or open an eye to check out the birders watching it. Maybe it was keeping track of how many people came along, adding us all to its people list.
 An Eastern Screech Owl got a lot of attention. It was nice that it was facing the Bennett Ave road, and a safe distance from folks who stuck to the road.
 Gray Catbirds have been fairly abundant, but do not often pose long enough away from the usually dense shrubbery where they are found.
 Lincoln's Sparrows are not commonly seen, and even when they are, are often furtively poking around some wet shrubby areas. This one was busily foraging on an almost submerged log at the log pond.
 Indigo Buntings, always a delight to see in bright sunlight due to their rich indigo colour, are occasionally seen in shrubby openings, or along shrubby forest edges.
 Red-belllied Woodpeckers are common residents, but are becoming quieter in the forest since they have already established a territory and are busy with nesting activities. This one occurred in a quite open area along Warbler's Way.
 Eastern Kingbirds were very abundant for a few days, and there will often be a few along forest edges such as near the cottage community.
 Scarlet Tanagers are more often heard than seen in the forest, as they are typically fairly high and at least partially obscured by the newly emerged leaves.
 The Wood Thrush is one of my favourite woodland species. Spending time in woodland areas on a quiet evening will usually result in hearing their melodious, flute-like song. Unfortunately due to a decline in the quality of woodland that this species requires, as well as other factors, Wood Thrush is now officially a Species At Risk in Ontario being designated as Special Concern.
Cuckoos are not very common. This next photo is of a Black-billed Cuckoo, easily identified by its dark lower bill and the lack of large white spots on the underside of its tail which are found on the Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Of course while out looking for birds, one encounters other things along the way. Eastern Chipmunks are quite abundant and briefly visible as they scamper about the forest.
 On the occasional warm, sunny day, one may find a Five-lined Skink basking on a boardwalk or log. The southern Ontario, or Carolinian, population of this reptile is officially Endangered.
Shorebirds are passing through in good numbers these days, and likely will be for the next couple of weeks. Since many of them nest in the high arctic, they wait as long as possible for the conditions at that latitude to be most favourable for their breeding activities. The shores of the lake, at sewage lagoons or, especially this year in flooded fields, are the best places to find them. The Keith McLean Conservation Lands is a good place to check out, since there are several acres of flooded fields with varying water level depths. Rarer shorebird species such as Willet and Black-necked Stilt, mentioned in earlier posts, have been found there not long ago.

Short-billed Dowitchers have been present at the KMCL in small numbers.

 A dozen or more Semipalmated Plovers have been seen there quite recently.

 Solitary Sandpipers are usually solitary, and like shallow water in grassy fields.
 Spotted Snadpipers are found in almost any medium sized to large size wetland edge. The local sewage lagoons often have a few.
 Dunlin are present in fairly large numbers, at any of those shallow wetland habitats or lake edges. Sometimes as many as one hundred can be seen at one of these sites.

One of the shorebird highlights of the spring is the arrival of Whimbrel. This large shorebird species with the distinctive long, down-curved bill,  doesn't stay around for long.

Green Herons, which often look almost black depending on the light they are seen in, are present in or near wooded wetlands.
In the latter part of May and into June, is a good time to see less common gulls. Certainly that has been the case again this year, as several less common species have been found in the Erieau/McGeachy Pond area. Several Franklin's Gulls (FRGU) as well as a Laughing Gull (LAGU) have been seen irregularly. FRGU usually have more white in their wingtips, and LAGU wingtips are typically solid black. Hence a bit of initial confusion on the bird in this next photo. But after checking a bit further, a first summer FRGU will have all dark wingtips. So that, as well as lacking a larger, slightly drooping bill and having fairly wide white eye-crescents, seen better in the second photo, all point to this being a FRGU.

Unfortunately I didn't get any photos of the first summer LAGU, as I just saw it at quite a distance through the scope. But on that occasion, at least, the overcast conditions gave better light and no heat haze to contend with.

An almost full adult Lesser Black-backed Gull was noted in the onion field with other gulls, although it didn't stay very long.
Last, but certainly not least, was this Neotropic Cormorant, one of the very few records for the Rondeau area. It was first found by Jim Burk a couple of weeks ago, and then disappeared for a short while. In the last week or so it had been seen roosting in the willow trees on the far side of the Erieau channel. My first attempts at a photo did not turn out well, due to the lateness of the day but more so due to the very white/gray sky, making a black bird really difficult to photograph. A day or so later, when the sky was blue late in the day I got more satisfactory photos. The bird is on the left, and is distinguished from the larger and super abundant Double-crested Cormorant by being smaller, about 2/3 the size, having a smaller pale throat patch and a white chevron of feathers at the base of the mouth parts. At some angles, the eyes look a little more 'bug-eyed', but that characteristic is not visible in this photo, which was taken and then greatly cropped so that the final result is the equivalent of about 95X.